Etiquettes When Reciting the Qur'an

Etiquette When Reciting the Qur'an

 Muhammad bin Ahmad Al-Qurtubi

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful;

All the praise and Thanks are due to Allāh, the Lord of the al-ā’lamīn. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allāh, and that Muhammad, sallallāhu alayhi wa sallam, is His Messenger.

It is very significant, for readers of the Qur'an, to observe the following:

• Do not touch the Qur'an except when in the state of ritual purity (Wudhu’), and only recite it when you are in that state.

• Brush the teeth or use a wooden tooth stick (Siwāk), remove food particles from between them, and freshen your mouth before reciting.

• Sit up straight if (reading whilst) not in prayer, and do not lean back.

• Face the direction of prayer (Qiblah) when reciting.

• Rinse your mouth out with water if you cough up mucus or phlegm while reciting.

• Stop reciting when you yawn, for when reciting, you are addressing your Lord in intimate conversation, while yawning is from the Devil.

• At the beginning of your recitation, seek refuge in Allāh  from the accursed Devil by saying the Isti'aazah (i.e., "A'uudzu Billaahi min Ash-Shaytaanirraajeem", which means: "I seek refuge in Allāh  from Satan, the accursed."), whether beginning to read from the beginning of a Surah (Quranic chapter) or from some other part that one has reached.

• Once you have begun, do not to interrupt your recitation from moment to moment with human words, unless absolutely necessary.

• Seclude yourself when reciting it, so as not to be interrupted by someone, forcing you to mix the words of the Qur'an with a reply, for this nullifies the effectiveness of having taken refuge in Allah from the Devil at the beginning.

• Recite it slowly without haste, distinctly pronouncing each letter.

• Try to comprehend what is being said in every verse.

• Pause at verses that promise Allah's favour, long for Allah Most High and ask of His bounty. At verses that warn of His punishment, ask His protection from it.

• Ponder over the stories of past civilisations and individuals, taking heed and benefiting from their example.

• Learn the meanings of the Qur'an's unique lexical usages.

• Pay attention to each letter so as to clearly and fully pronounce every word, for each letter earns one ten good deeds.

• Whenever one finishes reciting, attest to the truthfulness of Allāh, and that His messenger Muhammad sallallāhu alayhi wa sallam has delivered His message; do this by saying: "Our Lord! You have spoken the truth; Your Messengers have delivered their tidings, and bear witness to this. O Allah, make us of those who bear witness to the truth and who act with justice." After this, supplicate Allah with prayers.

• Try not to select certain verses from each chapter to recite, instead, aim to recite whole chapters at a time.

• If you put down the Qur'an, do not leave it open.

• Do not place other books on top of the Qur'an; it should always occupy a higher position than all other books, regardless of whether they are books of sacred knowledge or not.

• Place the Qur'an on your lap when reading, or on something in front of you, but not on the floor.

• Do not let a day go by without looking at least once at the pages of the Qur'an.

• Do not trivially and playfully quote the Qur'an at the occurrence of everyday events as by saying, for example, when someone comes: "Eat and drink in satisfaction for what you put forth in the days past" [Al-Juma'ah, 69:24] when food is brought out, and so forth.

• Do not recite the Qur'an to the tunes of songs.

• When writing the Qur'an, do so in clear, elegant handwriting.

• If someone else is reciting, do not recite in a way in that would disturb him.

• Do not recite it in marketplaces, places of clamour and frivolity, or where ill-mannered people gather.

• Do not use the Qur'an as a pillow, or lean upon it.

• Do not toss it when handing it to someone else.

• Do not miniaturize the Qur'an, mix into it what is not of it, or mingle worldly adornment with it by embellishing or writing it with gold.

• Do not write it on the ground or on walls, as is done in some new mosques.

• Do not to enter the lavatory with a paper or anything else on which the Qur'an is written, unless it is encased in leather, silver, or other materials, for then it is as if kept in the heart.

• If you write it (on paper) and immerse that paper in a glass of water to drink it (for cure or other purpose), then make a noble and worthy intention, for Allah only gives to one according to his intention.

• And if you finish reading the entire Qur'an, immediately begin reading it again, so it does not become something that has been abandoned.

[Excerpted with modifications from Islam Web published on Monday, 24August 2006, Via Islam Web]

Etiquettes With Respect To the Glorious Qur'an.

Etiquette With Respect To the Glorious Qur'an.

In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful;

All praise and thanks are due to Allah, May Allah blessings and peace be upon His Messenger.

Introduction

Allah, the Exalted, revealed the Qur'an, to be a beacon of light that cannot be extinguished. It is a methodology and way of life that is perfect in all respects. In it is strength that cannot be equaled or repelled. It is the foundation of Iman (Faith) and the spring of knowledge. Allah willed that the Qur'an be what quenches the thirst for knowledge. It is the delight of the people of wisdom. The Qur'an is the greatest cure for all ailments. It is Allah's Rope that cannot be severed. It is the Wise Reminder and the truly Straight Path.

It is the Speech of Allah, the Almighty. Because of that exaltedness, Muslim should approach to it with special manners, taking the guidance from the Prophet Muhammad (sallallāhu `alayhi wa sallam) .

Relation between Human Being and Quran

Allah, the Almighty states that anyone who truly believes that there is a life after this life also believes in this Book. This negates any claim to legitimacy by those who claim to follow a previous religion and book but yet they reject the Qur'an. Allah rejects even their claim to belief in the hereafter.

He says:

“And they did not appraise Allah with true appraisal when they said, “Allah did not reveal to a human being anything.” Say, “Who revealed the Scripture that Moses brought as light and guidance to the people? You [Jews] make it into pages, disclosing [some of] it and concealing much. And you were taught that which you knew not — neither you nor your fathers.’ Say, “Allah [revealed it].” Then leave them in their [empty] discourse, amusing themselves. And this is a Book which We have sent down, blessed and confirming what was before it, that you may warn the Mother of Cities [i.e. Makkah] and those around it. Those who believe in the Hereafter believe in it, and they are maintaining their prayers." [Al-An’am, 6: 91-92]

In the following verses, Allah reaffirms the relationship between belief in the hereafter and belief in the Qur'an by mentioning the punishment of those who disbelieve in the hereafter right after mentioning the guidance of the Qur'an. Also, since this book is from our Creator and is not the creation of any man, it contains the guidance to all that is best and most upright.

Allah says:

"Indeed, this Qur'an guides to that which is most suitable and gives good tidings to the believers who do righteous deeds that they will have a great reward And that those who do not believe in the Hereafter — We have prepared for them a painful punishment." [Al-Israa’, 17:9-10]

Allah reminds us of His omnipresent knowledge and that He is fully aware of those who do not submit to the truth of the Qur'an. Allah command to "do as you wish" is the most serious of threats and is also a clear statement that those who choose disbelief and are later punished for it did so by their choice and so deserve what comes to them. Zikir (the Reminder) here refers to the Qur'an.

It is because it is from Allah Most Exalted; falsehood cannot approach it from any direction. Any honest investigation of the Qur'an will find it free from any contradictions and containing many miraculous statements consistent with human knowledge which wasn't acquired until centuries after the Qur'an was communicated to the Prophet - that in addition to its comprehensive guidance to all that is best for mankind as individuals and societies.

Allah says:

"Indeed, those who inject deviation into Our verses are not concealed from Us. So, is he who is cast into the Fire better or he who comes secure on the Day of Resurrection? Do whatever you will; indeed, He is Seeing of what you do. Indeed, those who disbelieve in the message [i.e. the Qur'an] after it has come to them. And indeed, it is a mighty Book. Falsehood cannot approach it from before it or from behind it; [it is] a revelation from a [Lord who is] Wise and Praiseworthy." [Fussilat, 41: 40-42]

There is no better occupation or use of your time than learning and or teaching the Qur'an. This includes mere recitation as well as its meanings, rulings and application. The best of this nation are those who learn the Qur'an and those who teach the Qur'an.

It is narrated from ‘Uthman that the Prophet (sallallāhu `alayhi wa sallam) said: "The best of you is the one who learns the Qur'an and teaches it." [Al-Bukhari]

In other narrations the Prophet (sallallāhu `alayhi wa sallam) said: "It will be said to the person who memorizes the Qur'an, "Read and ascend and recite as you used to recite in the worldly life, for your level is at the last verse which you read." [At-Tirmidzi]

He also said: "A sign of glorifying Allah [by individuals] is [their] honoring the Muslim elder, the bearer of the Qur’an (the person who memorizes it), who is neither extravagant nor negligent towards it and honoring of the just ruler.” [Abu Dawud]

Etiquette of Reciting the Qur'an

It is befitting for one reciting the Qur'an that he or she be in a state of ritual purification and approach Allah’s Book with the best of manners, humility and respect. He should be sitting up and not leaning nor sitting in any disrespectful and arrogant manner. The best recitation of all is that done in prayer and the best of that is in the mosque, but this does not suggest that one neglects it when at home.

As for the quantity of reading, there are narrations from the Companions regarding completing the entire Qur’an every three days, every week or every month. Once every month is the recommendation of the Prophet. Once a week is his recommended minimum for those who desire to do more and less than three days should not be attempted since it will compromise comprehension which is the point of reading the Qur'an.

It is narrated from ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Amr: "The Prophet (sallallāhu `alayhi wa sallam) said to me: "Read the [entire] Qur'an each month." I said: I have more strength than that. He said: "Then read it every twenty days." I said: I have more strength than that. He said: "Then read it every seven days and do not exceed that." [Muslim]

You should not attempt to complete the Qur'an in less than three days. The Prophet (sallallāhu `alayhi wa sallam) stated that one who does this has no comprehension.

‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Amar narrated that the Prophet (sallallāhu `alayhi wa sallam) said: "Whoever reads the Qur’an in less than three [days] will not comprehend it." [Abu Dawud]

The simplest formula is that you should seek to maximize your recitation and study of Allah's Book the most you can without impeding your necessary business and work, without harming your health and without compromising your ability to recite the sounds correctly [from reading too fast] or pondering their meanings. This last statement implies that if you do not know the meanings of the Qur’an, which it would be best to divide your time between reciting the Qur’an and learning Arabic and the meanings of the Qur'an in order to arrive at the desired result. Ibn ‘Abbas is reported to have said: "To read Al-Baqarah and Al-'Imran with correct recitation and careful contemplation is more beloved to me than to read the entire Qur'an a hasty recitation."

If you find yourself with time on your hands, do not pass up this opportunity for reward and benefit and spend much of it reciting the Quran. Strive to not let your recitation become less than one complete reading each year - and add another in Ramadhan if you are able.

Beautifying the Voice with the Qur'an

You should strive to read the Qur'an in a nice sounding voice. One who was given a pleasant voice should strive as much as they are able. This should never resemble the style of music and songs.

Al-Baraa' Ibn ‘Aazib narrated that the Prophet (sallallāhu `alayhi wa sallam) said: "Beautify the Qur'an with your voices [i.e. by reciting it in a pleasant nice voice]." [Abu Dawud].

The preferred reading is the quiet reading, where one hears himself without disturbing others.

'Uqbah ibn 'Amir Al-Juhani narrated that the Prophet (sallallāhu `alayhi wa sallam) said: "He who raises his voice with the Qur'an is like one who displays his charity and he who lowers his voice with the Qur'an is like he who gives charity privately." [Abu Dawud]

Except of course that he should be able to hear himself. It is also without harm to raise one's voice with the Qur'an sometimes for a particular purpose such as to perfect pronunciation, aid in memorization or to fight drowsiness. Also included in this is teaching and learning and a condition for all of this is that it is not disturbing others or interrupting their prayer.

Contemplating the Meanings.

When you recite the Qur'an, you should remember the great kindness and favor of Allah upon His creation in allowing the meanings of His speech to enter his mind by means of this Book. You should remember always that what you are reading is unlike any other book. Keep the reality and greatness of the source of the Qur'an present in your heart and ponder the meanings of what you are reading. This pondering and this understanding is, after all, the point of the Qur'an and the point of reading it. If it can only be accomplished by repeating verses over and over, then do that and do not rush on to more verses. If you do not understand the Arabic, then read and contemplate a translation of the meanings in your language after each verse you recite while remembering that what you are reading in another language is not the speech of Allah, but only the translation of the meaning.

Abu Dharr reported that the Prophet (sallallāhu `alayhi wa sallam) once spent an entire night in contemplation of Allah's statement: “If you punish them, they are your slaves…” [An-Nisaa’, 4:118].

When you recite the Qur'an and contemplate its meanings, you should bring as much understanding as possible to each verse you read and get the full benefit of that verse. So for example, when you read verses that mention the creation of the heavens and the earth, have in your heart and mind the contemplation of the greatness and complexity of all that Allah has created.

When you read about the creation of the fetus from some liquids in the body and the stages it goes through in development, reflect on the great power of Allah in bringing about something so complex from something so simple.

Staying Away From All That Blocks or Prevents Understanding.

For example, evil thought may inject into your heart that you have not read correctly and pronounced a letter exactly correctly and so you get stuck on that and forget about concentrating on the meanings. Another cause is if the reciter is engaged in a sin on a continuous basis, or is arrogant or imprisoned by his desires. All of this is a cause of darkness of the heart and its rust. It is like dirt on a mirror that prevents true vision.

The heart is like a mirror and the desires and distractions are like the dirt and the meanings of the Qur'an are like the images seen in the mirror. So exercise your heart by setting desires aside and focusing against all distractions as if you are cleaning a mirror.

When you recite the Qur'an, you must know that you are the one being addressed in the Qur'an with the promises and the threats. And that its tales were not sent for entertainment but to learn from and take warning. On this basis, you can contemplate the book and act upon its directions.

[Excerpted with modifications from Islam Web published on 24 January 2006]

Recitation of Al-Qur'an

Tilawatīl Quran

Tajuddin Shu’aib.

In the name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful;

All the praise and Thanks are due to Allāh, the Lord of the al-ā’lamīn. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allāh, and that Muhammad, sallallāhu alayhi wa sallam, is His Messenger.

It is highly suggested to recite or read Al-Qur'an, the final word of Allah SWT, at all times, at least completing it twice in a year. The Sahabah (companions) completed Al-Qur'an in five days, some in four while others in three days.

Imam An-Nawawi (Rahimallāh) said: "The speed must depend on the condition and situation of the person and what he or she does for a living." The recitation of Al-Qur'an should not be the reason to become slacked in your other responsibilities. The speed of your recitation must be regulated by the ability to understand, because Al-Quran encourages the reciter to ponder about what he or she reads.

Allah states: "Here is a Book which We have sent down unto thee, full of blessings, that they may meditate on its signs, and that men of understanding may receive admonition." (Sad, 38:29)


This verse indicates that Al-Qur'an was revealed for the maximum encyclopedic benefit, mercy, and guidance to the human race. That is why He (SWT) described it as blessed (mubarak). These blessings can be realized to the fullest only if the reader meditates and thinks through its divine words, containing layers of insights and wisdom and life-long experiences of the human race - of how to live a better life both spiritually and materially -which can never be found in any other book.

In a Hadith by 'Aishah (radiallāhu`anha), reported by Al-Baihaqi, she said:

"The house in which Al-Qur'an is recited is seen by the heavenly world as the stars are seen by the earthly world."

This hadith indicates some of the meritorious aspects of this most authenticated book of Allah. The home in which its residents recite this book is illuminated as brightly as a star on the face of the earth, and is visible in outer space.

As a preparation for reading, it is recommended to have cleanliness, (taharah), by making wudu before settling down to recite Al-Qur'an. For the recitation of Al-Qur'an is worship, 'ibadah, namely the best form of remembrance of Allah (dzikir). The Messenger of Allah s.a.w disliked making dzikir without cleanliness. Allah (SWT) states in Al-Qur'an:

"And that is indeed a mighty adjuration, if you but knew. That this is indeed a Quran most honorable, in a book well-guarded, which none shall touch but those who are clean." (Al-Waqia'ah, 56:76-79).

It is not a sin, however, to read without wudu if you are unclean from minor impurities that entail wudu before prayer. If you feel like using the restroom for urination, passing wind, etc., stop and go relieve yourself completely, and make Wudu then return to resume your reading. If you are defiled from major impurities, that is, the ones which entail complete bath (ghusl), it is prohibited to read Al-Qur'an during the state of defilement, the agents of which include discharge of semen, sexual intercourse, post natal bleeding , and menstruation. However, it is allowed for these people to look in Al-Qur'an while not holding it, and they may read it with their eyes and their hearts, but not recite it. [Note: one shouldn't encourage reading Quran in a state of defilement, but rather encourage first to take Ghusal.]

The place you choose to sit to recite Al-Qur'an should be clean from any filth or bad odor. This is why it is prohibited to read it the restroom. While reading the Qur'an, it is recommended to face the direction of Al-Qiblat.

The recitors are commanded to say, I seek refuge, "Ta'awudh", that is, putting a distance between themselves and Satan (Syaitan) by seeking refuge in Allah (SWT) from the rejected enemy, the reason being Satan dislikes to see a servant in communication with Allah. If you do not seek refuge, he may come to distract, confuse, and induce you to doubt. Allah (SWT) says:

"When you do read Al-Qur'an, seek Allah's protection from Satan, the rejected." [Al-Nahl, 16:98]

In the event that you are interrupted during reading, it is advisable to repeat ta'awwudh before you resume. As for the phrase of ta'awwudh, the following is reported:

A`uwudzu billah (As-Sa mee'u, Al-'Aleem) iminash Shaitan ir Rajeem. [I seek refuge with Allah (The All Hearing, The All-Knowing) from Satan, the rejected].

The majority of scholars recommend that it be said aloud, especially if there is an audience.

We are commanded to start every act, spiritual or non-spiritual, big or small, with Basmalah, that is:

"Bis mil llahir-Rahmanir-Raheem" (In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.)

The reason is to seek Allah's blessings for the action you are about to embark on. Undoubtedly, no deed is more deserving or worthy of Basmalah than the 'ibadah of reading Al-Quran. With the revelation of Bismillahir-Rahmanir Raheem, Allah has educated His Messenger (saas) to make it an unceasing habit of saying Bismillah before reading and before every act.

Basmalah is one of the unique aspects of Al-Qur'an as every chapter (surah), except Surah Nine (Tawbah) commences with this most profound statement. It is prearranged as an incomplete statement to be completed, or filled in, if you will, by the servant. For instance, if you want to read, it becomes: I read in the Name of Allah... if you want to eat, it becomes: I eat in the Name of Allah... That is what we mean by an incomplete statement to be completed by the doer.

It is incumbent upon us to recite with the basic rules of tajwīd, including rules of chanting (al-ghunnah), prolongations (al-madd), assimilation (al-idghaam), etc. In a report by Bukhari, Anas bin Malik (radiallāhu`anhu) was asked to describe the way of the Messenger of Allah  (sallallāhu 'alayhi wa sallam)in reciting Al-Qur'an.

Anas (radiallāhu`anhu) said the Messenger of Allah (sallallāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) used to recite with tarteel, chanting, prolonging his long vowels. Anas (radiallāhu`anhu) gave a demonstration by reciting 'Bismillah' to show how the Messenger (sallallāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) recited it, prolonging the sublime word, Allah, Ar-Rahman, and Ar-Raheem.'"

It is, however, undesirable to read with excessive speed. Reading a part of Al-Qur'an, (juzu'), slowly, so as to think through what you read, is preferred to reading double the ordinary speed without pondering. The former way is more respectful, and is in accord with the aims of the Lawgiver, than hastily reading through the Book absent-mindedly.

It is recommended to beautify your recital with a pleasant voice. In a Hadith by Ibn Hibban (raa), the Messenger of Allah (sallallāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) has been reported as saying:

"Beautify the recitation of your Qur'an with your voices."

But you should not exaggerate to the point that the phonics, morphology, or syntax are distorted or altered. Reciting Al-Qur'an with mistakes, (lahn) is not synonymous with chanting or a pleasing voice. Also, one's recitation should not sound like singing.

It is Sunnah to seek to comprehend what you read. The following are some of the ways one should go about tadabur, or pondering through what he reads. The simplest thing is to think out the meaning of the words so as to get a better insight to their meaning and massage.

If the verse contains commands and prohibitions you should immediately decide to accept or restrain from them. But if it is something you have failed in the past to do, you should seek forgiveness and intend to do it in the future. In the event that the verse contains mercy, you should feel happy and request it, or if it contains wrath, you should seek refuge in Allah. If the verse glorifies Allah, you should glorify Him.

In the book of Muslim, Huzaifah bin Yaman (radiallāhu`anhu) is reported as saying: "I prayed behind the Messenger of Allah (sallallāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) one night. He opened his recitation after Al-Fatihah with chapter Al-Baqarah, the Cow. Coming to the end of it, he followed it with the chapter An-Nisa, the Women. Coming to its end, he followed it with Chapter Al-'Imran, the Family of Imran). He read them consecutively and when he came to a verse that contained glorification of Allah, he glorified, or a question, he asked, or seeking refuge he sought refuge."

It is Sunnah to say takbeer from Chapter Ad-Duha, 93 to the end An-Nas, Chapter 114. The Sunnah is to pause at the end of Chapter 93 then say Takbeer. If you are completing Al-Qur'an, you do likewise at the end of each surah, chapter, until An-Nas. The Sunnah was started after the first revelation was received and after the period of Fatrah, during which revelation was cut off form the Prophet (sallallāhu 'alayhi wa sallam), and the Makkans were saying Allah had forsaken Muhammad. When Ad-Duha was revealed, the Messenger of Allah (sallallāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: "Allahu Akbar" (Allah is the Greatest).

As to what one should say: You may say "Allahu Akbar" (Allah is the Greatest), or La Illaha illallah, wallahu Akbar, (There is no deity but Allah, and Allah is the Greatest).

The Sunnah recommends prostrating at the end of every sajadah (prostration verse). There are 15 such verses in Al-Qur'an. They are in chapters: Al-A`araf, (7:206); Ar-Ra'ad, (13:15); An-Nahl, (16:49); Al-Isra, (17:107); Maryam, (19:58); Al-Hajj, (22:18 and 22:77); Al-Furqan, (25:60); An-Naml, (27:77); As-Sajdah, (32:15); Saad, (38:24); Fussilat, (41:37); An-Najm, (53:62); Al-Insiqaq, (84:21); and Al-'Alaq, (96:19).

Now there is the question about what is the best time to read or recite Al-Qur'an. The best time by far is reciting during Solat, then night-time reading, especially the latter part of it. The best time of day is after Subuh (Morning Prayer). The best or preferred days are the days of 'Arafah, Fridays, Mondays, and Thursdays. The best ten days are the last ten of Ramadhan and first ten days of the month, Zul-Hijjah. Of the months, Ramadhan is the best.

The preferred day to start Al-Qur'an is Friday, and the best day to complete it is Thursday. The best hour to complete it is the first part of the day or night. For, according to Sa'ad bin Abi Waqqaas (radiallāhu`anhu), if the completion is in the first part of the night, the angels will pray for you until morning, and if it is early in the morning they will pray for you until evening. Fasting is recommended on the day of completion.

It is recommended to start again after each completion of Al-Qur'an. In a hadith reported by Tirmidzi (radiallāhu`anhu), the Messenger of Allah  (sallallāhu 'alayhi wa sallam)has been reported as saying:

"The best deeds in the sight of Allah are the deeds of the one who completes Qur'an and resumes again, the one who reads Al-Quran from the beginning to the end, and whenever he finishes he resumes again."

It is undesirable to stop reading to converse or talk to someone, laugh or play or look at something that takes away your attention, unless there is a valid reason, as has been reported by Al-Bukhari, by the way of Ibn 'Umar (radiallāhu`anhu) .

[ Via MSA].